Perspectivas de género en las condenas por tráfico de drogas
Keywords:
Mujer y tráfico de drogas, mujeres y prisión, estadísticas penitenciarias de género, Women and drug trafficking, women and prison, prison statistics by genderAbstract
This article pretends to examine sentences for drug trafficking from a gender perspective. An in-depth analysis of sentences and prison statistics from this point of view reveals that women are most affected by this repressive policy. The most remarkable fact is that while the number of convicted women in general is low, a large percentage of female offenders’ sentences are related to drug offences, thus representing a higher percentage in this group than in the male group. Yet if we analyze the prison population from a gender perspective, the results are even more striking: whereas women make up an insignificant percentage of the total, they nonetheless represent a large part of the total number of sentences for drug trafficking. Furthermore, a study of the characteristics of women sentenced for these crimes allows us to trace a specific profile for this group, which in turn provides an insight into why women are the main victims of the repressive drug policy, and the consequences they face. It will be analyzed whether penal treatment contributes to an excessive representation of the feminine gender in prisons; which gender sectors are particularly affected; and how we could find the causes and consequences of this situation. To conclude, new ways to solve this problem are suggested: reconsidering criminal policy on drugs, or strengthening alternatives to prison and different measures to support people serving sentences in prison.
Este trabajo pretende analizar las condenas por tráfico de drogas desde una perspectiva de género. Partiendo de las estadísticas relativas al número y tipología de condenas por delitos, y asimismo de las estadísticas relativas a la población de los centros penitenciarios, se puede extraer que las mujeres son las más afectadas por la política penal en materia de tráfico de drogas, de carácter marcadamente represivo, puesto que suponen un porcentaje ínfimo de la población penitenciaria, y en cambio acumulan gran parte de las condenas por tráfico de drogas. Ello merece un estudio de las consecuencias de la política penal en este ámbito, analizando si la intervención penal genera una excesiva representación del sexo femenino en las prisiones, a qué sectores de este colectivo afecta principalmente, y cuáles son las causas y consecuencias fundamentales de esta situación. Para concluir, se sugieren posibles formas de reacción frente a esta problemática: desde la reconsideración de la política punitiva en materia de tráfico de drogas, hasta el reforzamiento de las alternativas a la pena de prisión y de los mecanismos de apoyo institucional y social a las personas que han de cumplir una pena privativa de libertad por la comisión de estas infracciones delictivas.
DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2115433
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