A cidadania europeia como instrumento de proteção da vulnerabilidade
(European citizenship as an instrument to protect vulnerability)
Keywords:
cidadania europeia, direitos fundamentais, vulnerabilidade, European citizenship, fundamental rights, vulnerabilityAbstract
A criação da cidadania europeia pelo Tratado de Maastricht não foi recebida com entusiasmo. Os direitos que conferia eram essencialmente os que já vigoravam na Comunidade Europeia. A jurisprudência do TJ deu substância à cidadania europeia, qualificando-a como “o estatuto fundamental dos nacionais dos Estados-membros”. A interpretação do TJ modelou este novo estatuto e os respetivos direitos, tornando-o num instrumento para proteger os migrantes nacionais dos Estados-Membros, especialmente importante para indivíduos em situação vulnerável: v.g. deficientes, homossexuais, até estudantes deslocados, acolhendo no exercício hermenêutico judicial um conceito amplo de vulnerabilidade (Fineman 2010), quer estrutural e permanente, quer individual ou conjuntural; no que respeita às crianças, a vulnerabilidade justificou a extensão da proteção aos progenitores. A análise seguinte percorre alguns dos “leading cases” da cidadania da União, focando o alcance protetor desse estatuto no contexto da situação concreta “sub judice”.
The creation of European citizenship by the Maastricht Treaty was not enthusiastically received. The rights it conferred were essentially those already in force in the European Community. The case law of the ECJ gave substance to European citizenship, describing it as “the fundamental status of nationals of the Member States”. The interpretation of the ECJ shaped this new status and its rights, making it an instrument to protect migrant nationals of Member States, especially important for individuals in vulnerable situations: e.g. disabled people, homosexuals, even displaced students, welcoming in the judicial hermeneutic exercise a broad concept of vulnerability (Fineman 2010), whether structural and permanent, or individual or conjunctural; with regard to children, vulnerability justified the extension of protection to parents. The following analysis goes through some of the “leading cases” of Union citizenship, focusing on the protective scope of that status in the context of the concrete situation “sub judice”.
Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1205
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