Good business? The struggles for regulating ESG disclosure
Keywords:
corporate accountability, ESG disclosure, sustainability, reporting, Corporate Governance, Responsabilidad empresarial, transparencia ambiental, social y de gobierno, sostenibilidad, revelaciónAbstract
During the last decade, the regulation of corporate social and environmental disclosure and reporting has gradually but steadily emerged. What explains its emergence at different levels of regulation and through varying modes of governance? Which political and socio-economic actors are involved? Who has benefitted from its emergence? The onset of the current economic and sustainability crisis has shown the need for a more ‘regulated capitalism’ and called for a re-assessment of dominant ideas about ‘CSR’ and ‘corporate governance’. Better transparency and disclosure have often been indicated as a solution to this impasse.
The paper focuses on the emergence of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) disclosure regulation in Europe during the last decade. It is organized in four main sections. After introducing the argument within the literature on the regulation of corporate accountability, the second section offers an historical overview of the recursive emergence of environmental and social disclosure regulation. Thereafter, the paper briefly reviews the current debate over the regulation of ESG disclosure. In particular, it outlines the interests of the main constituencies involved at the EU-level: large corporations, institutional investors, trade unions, NGOs, professional accountants and financial analysts, public authorities. The last part develops an argument suggesting the current emergence of ESG disclosure regulation constitutes an institutional investors’ strategy to strengthen, on the one hand, their control over managers and, on the other hand, the legitimacy of their claims over companies resources.
Durante la última década la regulación de la transparencia social y ambiental ha surgido a un ritmo constante y gradual. ¿Cómo se explica su aparición en los diferentes niveles de regulación y a través de diversos sistemas de gobernanza? ¿Qué actores políticos y socio-económicos están implicados? ¿Quién se ha beneficiado de su aparición? La actual crisis económica y de sostenibilidad ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de un "capitalismo regulado" y una revisión de las ideas dominantes acerca de la RSE y el gobierno corporativo. A menudo se ha señalado la necesidad de una mayor transparencia y divulgación como una solución ante este punto muerto.
Este artículo se centra en la aparición durante la última década de la regulación de la transparencia ambiental, social y de gobierno (ASG) en Europa. Está organizado en cuatro secciones principales. Después de contextualizar el tema en la literatura sobre la regulación de la responsabilidad corporativa, la segunda sección ofrece un panorama histórico de la aparición recurrente de la regulación de la transparencia ambiental y social. Posteriormente, el documento revisa brevemente el debate actual sobre la regulación de la transparencia ASG. En particular, se exponen los intereses de los principales grupos involucrados a nivel europeo: las grandes corporaciones, inversores institucionales, sindicatos, ONG, los contadores públicos y analistas financieros, autoridades públicas. La última parte sugiere que la aparición actual de la regulación de la transparencia ASG supone una estrategia de los inversores institucionales para fortalecer por un lado su control sobre los directivos, y por otro, la legitimidad de sus demandas sobre los recursos de las empresas.
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