El déficit habitacional como un problema de economía social: el caso del Parque Indoamericano de Villa Soldati en Buenos Aires (Argentina) (The housing shortage as a problem of social economy: the case of the Parque Indoamericano of Villa Soldati, in...)
Keywords:
Teoría de la Firma, Capitalismo, Beneficio, Organización, Solidaridad, Ontología, Theory of Firm, Capitalism, Benefits, Organization, Solidarity, OntologyAbstract
Herbert Simon formulated in 1979 a new approach to the theory of firm, which argued that economic rationality was not to be thought in the way that Milton Friedman did, i.e., in terms of utility maximization. This critical approach which Simon inaugurated has led to many critiques of mainstream economics. Besides the fundamental methodological criticism that can be formulated against Friedman’s perspective, the approach proposed by Simon involves a change of viewpoint. In fact, the theory of the firm, and of economic behaviour in general, is in Friedman and the “classical model” subordinated to market and price theory as the main object of economic analysis, but for Simon the actual behaviour of economic agents is the essential theme of that analysis. With this change in the way of understanding economic analysis many fundamental implications have been developed in many areas of economic research. In the present article the problem of the housing shortage in the city of Buenos Aires (Argentina) is examined, focusing on the occupation of a public space by homeless people. The argument is that the free capitalist market is incapable, because of its internal dynamics, of solving that kind of problem in emergent countries.
Herbert Simon planteó en 1979 una nueva manera de pensar la teoría de la firma, según la cual la racionalidad económica ya no era pensada a la manera de Milton Friedman, es decir, como maximización de la utilidad o del beneficio empresario. Esta crítica de Simon inauguró una serie de cuestionamientos a la ciencia económica dominante. Independientemente de las críticas metodológicas de fondo que pueden formularse contra la tesis de Friedman, la posición que propone Simon involucra un cambio de óptica, porque mientras que la teoría de la firma y en general del comportamiento económico está en Friedman y el “modelo clásico” subordinada a la teoría de los mercados y de los precios entendida como el objeto mismo del análisis económico, para Simon son los comportamientos efectivos de los agentes económicos los que constituyen un objeto esencial de ese análisis. A partir de este cambio de óptica se desarrollan implicancias fundamentales para numerosos campos de la investigación en economía. En especial, es posible pensar teóricamente el diseño de organizaciones con características diferentes a las de la empresa tradicional. En este trabajo vamos a examinar el problema del déficit habitacional en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (Argentina) a partir de un hecho que causó gran conmoción pública en diciembre de 2010, como fue la ocupación de un parque público por parte de unas 16.000 personas sin techo, en un episodio que tuvo una enorme repercusión.
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